How to read bitcoin graph

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In other words, this strategy is the polar opposite of behavioral economics. Demand for the company shares will increase prior to the release of the improvement report. Also, the price may not change significantly after the expected positive report is released. Investors can find opportunities by examining these various trends. For example, by reading a crypto chart, you may find a crypto that has a positive primary trend but a negative secondary trend.

In this scenario, you may be able to buy the crypto at a low price and sell it once its value has increased. Dow believed that primary market trends seen on one index should be confirmed by trends seen on another. According to the theory, traders should not assume a new primary upward trend is beginning if one index confirms a new primary upward trend while another remains in a primary downward trend.

For example, if India experiences a bullish trend, all indices like the Nifty, Sensex, Nifty Midcap, Nifty Smallcap, and others should rise, confirming the trend seen in each other. Similarly, for a bearish trend, all indices should be moving downward.

If the price is moving in the direction of the primary trend, the volume should increase. On the other hand, if it is moving against it, the volume should decrease. The greater the volume, the more likely the movement reflects the true market trend. When trading volume is low, price action may not accurately reflect the market trend.

In an upward trend, for example, volume rises with a price increase and falls with a price decrease. In a downward trend, volume increases with price fall and decreases with price rise. Dow believed that if the market were trending, it would remain trending. For example, if a crypto begins to rise in response to good news, it will continue to rise until a clear reversal occurs.

Primary trend reversals can be confused with secondary trend reversals. As a result, Dow suggested that trend reversals be treated with suspicion and caution. In most crypto price charts, the main price indicator is a candlestick. Candlestick charts are easy to read. They provide a straightforward representation of price action.

In practice, crypto market charts can be configured to display different timeframes. Here candlesticks represent each timeframe. For example, suppose a crypto trading chart is set to a four-hour timeframe. In that chart, each candlestick represents four hours of trading activity.

On most crypto charts, a green candle indicates a bullish move or an increase in price. Meanwhile, a red candle indicates a bearish move or a decrease in price. A candlestick with almost no body and long wicks, on the other hand, indicates that neither buyers nor sellers are in control. The size, shape, duration, and color of these candlesticks, as well as the patterns they produce, can provide hints about future price action.

They allow analysts, buyers, and traders to take positions or make changes based on probability. There are many technical indicators to help traders read a crypto chart.

The moving average MA line is calculated by averaging daily prices over a given time period. This line moves across the price chart. When trading in real-time crypto charts, moving averages can be adjusted to provide useful signals. Short-term price fluctuations are typically not considered by MA.

The levels of support and resistance are critical in interpreting crypto charts. During a pullback, support levels are price points at which cryptos, or any other asset are expected to halt due to a concentration of buying interest at that level. On the other hand, price levels at which there is concentrated selling interest are referred to as resistance levels.

Traders frequently buy at support levels and sell at resistance levels. Traders can deduce potential price movements from patterns formed on cryptocurrency charts, in addition to technical indicators. They typically form following a price decline at the bottom of a downtrend. It also indicates that buyers are flooding into the market.

Head and shoulders patterns are trend reversal patterns. They can appear at the top or bottom of a trend. These patterns show a clear tug-of-war between buyers and sellers. Wedges demonstrate a trend that is losing traction in action. When those two lines intersect from left to right, you have a wedge. A bullish wedge may indicate that the asset is about to take a positive turn. Meanwhile, a bearish wedge may precede a cryptocurrency price peak and subsequent sell-off.

Crypto price charts can help you forecast price trends and trade more easily. Chart reading should be used to get a better understanding of the crypto market by learning more techniques and supported by a strong hold on crypto market fundamentals. However, chart reading is not the sole criterion of crypto trading. A thorough examination of crypto charts and patterns, combined with an analytical mindset and sufficient practice, may eventually provide traders with a competitive advantage. And how do its tenets apply to crypto?

There are six parts to this theory. The main movement is essentially the long-term outlook. How does the price of an asset look over the course of a year or more. The medium swings are price changes over the course of 10 days to three months. Finally, short swing so the smallest trend lines, how is the asset behaving hour to hour.

The accumulation phase is where investors that are in the know are purchasing an asset before the market catches on. Then the absorption phase begins and rapid price changes begin as the larger public starts to participate. Lastly, the distribution phase is when early investors begin to sell off their holdings. Any new information is very quickly reflected in the market.

Essentially, this means that if solar energy stocks are surging in price, you would also expect solar panel manufacturers to be surging in price.

Markets that rely on each other should generally move together. Always give the longer term trend the benefit of the doubt when there are short-term market swings. So err on the side of the long term pattern. So these are the six major points of the Dow Theory. And as we combine these points with other contributing factors, we can observe the crypto market from different angles.

But before we dig into the difficult stuff, you must familiarize yourself with what to look for in crypto charts and understand the basics of how they work. This can be done by looking at the price action over time. This is the amount of crypto traded over time and can be used to identify trends in the crypto markets. This can be used to identify potential catalysts for crypto price movements. The candles represent the price action of a currency over a specific timeframe.

The red and green candles indicate whether the price went up or down during that period. The wicks show the highest and lowest prices reached during that time frame. The indicators are mathematical formulas that are used to identify trends in the price movement of a currency. The most popular indicators are the moving average, the relative strength index, and the stochastic oscillator. The order book is a list of all the buy and sell orders for a particular cryptocurrency.

It shows how much of the currency is being bought and sold at different prices. The order book can be used to identify support and resistance levels in the price of a currency. Market cap is a good starting benchmark. Coins with very low market caps tend to behave in a much less predictable manner and vice versa. This ties in with the volume confirmation trend. Relative Strength Index measures price movement by comparing the current price to past performance.

It boils down to a ratio between the average of days the asset was up and the average of days it was down. RSI ranges from zero to An RSI over 70 tends to indicate that an asset has been oversold and will likely go down while the inverse is true for an RSI below By no means is this a foolproof indicator. If it was this easy, everyone would be rich.

RSI is just another tool like the rest we discussed to help you get a more clear picture of a market. They basically represent a point where people see purchasing an asset as a bargain and a point when people see selling an asset as beneficial. But this is one way to analyze crypto charts. Each candlestick represents how the price has moved over a given period of time. The body of the candle shows the difference between the opening and closing price of that time period.

The shadows at the end show you the highest or lowest point the price has gone over the course of that period. Trend Lines help us to confirm and identify different trends in the market. A trendline is an upward or downward straight line that intersects at least two price points. A strong trend line should ideally cross as many different points as it can.

As a general rule, a trendline should go through two points and have at least a third point to help validate it. The spacing of these points is also important. A very steep line in either direction is unlikely to be a trend.

So you have to be able to recognize bad trend lines like we described, and be conscious when you draw your own because these are just a tool to help you along the way. No system or analysis is the be-all-end-all of where a market will go. These tools may help you understand why markets move the way they do but they are not foolproof schemes for ethereum price predictions. Simple Moving Averages are another more mathematical way to try and identify trends.

A moving average is calculated by averaging a certain number of past data points.

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Of course, there are many fundamental reasons why Bitcoin has become increasingly popular and therefore increased in value. No matter how strong the fundamentals appear to be or positive the news, there are still no limits on how big future drops can be. When you purchase Bitcoin, the cryptocurrency exchange or marketplace you used will likely provide free charts within their platform.

However, the quality tends to be lower , and the analysis tools available are limited. A great free option for real-time professional charts is TradingView. The platform has become increasingly popular over the last few years or so and it offers many Bitcoin charts. It provides all the tools required to analyze Bitcoin charts on multiple time frames.

The candlesticks you see on a chart represent the price. Each candlestick represents the time interval you have chosen, so for a 30 minute time interval, 1 candlestick will represent 30 minutes.

A candlestick is usually green or clear when the price went up during the period bullish , or red or filled if the price went down during the period bearish.

The illustration below indicates what each area of the candlestick represents. The volume is represented at the bottom of your chart by bars that are usually color-coded to define whether the majority of this volume was on the buy-side or the sell-side.

You can see the volume bars highlighted by a red circle in the image below:. Other indicators such as moving averages , oscillators , and various others can be overlayed on your chart using built-in functionality.

Reading a chart can be done through the use of technical analysis ; but, this does not have to be a complicated process. When you see a chart filled with tons of different indicators, all this does is add confusion. Remember, the price action is the most important factor , and any indicators used should be to assist your analysis of it. Technical analysis is a vast subject area with thousands of different indicators and techniques available.

However, some core concepts will prove invaluable , no matter how in-depth you may choose to go. Price can only move in 3 different directions: upwards, downwards, and sideways. Sideways movement is also known as a consolidation or range and is a period of rest where the price has no significant increases or decreases. This is typically the most laborious price movement to profit from. For Bitcoin to increase or decrease in value significantly, it must trend upwards or downwards.

To help you identify trends, you can use the following tools and techniques :. For many years successful traders and investors have used chart patterns as part of their strategy. This has been primarily for stocks , forex , and commodities ; however, these same patterns are now being seen on cryptocurrency charts. The idea is that markets are driven by human behavior пїЅ the buy and sell decisions they make.

The fear and greed behind human behavior do not change; therefore, you see chart patterns that repeat over and over. However, they can be used as part of an overall trading plan and help give you an edge. Volume is the best way of measuring supply and demand. You want to see heavy volume come in as Bitcoin increases in price.

This indicates that there are a lot of buyers behind the move giving you more conviction. When Bitcoin starts pulling back, you want to see it on light volume. This means the pullback is more likely to be consolidation rather than the start of a significant downtrend. The timeframe is the intervals at which each point on the trading chart represents.

Timeframes are useful for timing your trades properly according to your trading strategy. If you are looking to day trade Bitcoin, then your focus should be on the lower timeframes. Common choices for day traders include 5-minute, minute, 1-hour, and 4-hour charts. If you are looking for longer-term investment opportunities, you want to be using the daily and weekly charts.

What are your favorite indicators? Do you believe in chart patterns? We would love to hear from you in the comments section below! Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Blokt is a leading independent privacy resource.

Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. You can connect low prices within the bottom to form a rounded shape representing the bottom of the saucer:. The formation first begins to form with selling pressure, causing prices to drop. This pressure eventually loses steam and transitions to an uptrend. Buying pressure subsides, causing prices to drop to a new low, and this trend repeats several more times until the lowest low is hit.

Then, buying pressure takes over, eventually leading to a breakout and completing the rounding bottom formation. To calculate short-term price targets for rounding bottom formations, you add the height of the cup to the resistance line. There are two types of wedge patterns, including rising wedge patterns and falling wedge patterns. These patterns can be continuation or reversal patterns depending on what markets were doing before the pattern formed. In an uptrend, a rising wedge pattern indicates a bearish reversal.

Markets are turning and prices are starting to drop. In a downtrend, a rising wedge pattern is seen as a continuation as prices continue to drop. The falling wedge, meanwhile, is considered a bullish pattern. The falling wedge indicates a bullish reversal when formed in a prevailing downtrend, for example.

When formed in a prevailing uptrend, the falling wedge indicates a continuation as prices continue to rise. Rectangle patterns form when prices are bouncing between roughly equal highs and lows for a certain period of time. When drawing lines around the highs and lows of this period, you can see rectangles start to form. The rectangle, also known as the trading range or consolidation zone, is a continuation pattern where the price ranges between parallel support and resistance lines. During this impasse, the price will test support and resistance levels several times before breaking out.

When the price breaks out, it will either reverse the previous trend or continue it moving either upward or downward. To calculate price targets during a rectangle formation, you add the height to the point of the breakout or breakdown.

Bilateral patterns consist of three different triangle formations, including symmetrical triangles , ascending triangles , and descending triangles.

Ascending triangles are typically bullish continuation patterns in a prevailing uptrend. However, ascending triangles can also form as a reversal pattern in a downtrend. An ascending triangle pattern consists of two or more roughly equal heights and increasing lows. The resistance line is horizontal, although the extended support line slopes upward and convers with the resistance line, which is how the triangle is formed.

For an ascending triangle to form, each swing or low must be higher than the previous low. The formation is typically considered to be complete when the price breaks out past the upper resistance line. The stop loss should be placed at the most recent swing low. The descending triangle is the opposite of the ascending triangle. However, it can also form a reversal pattern during an uptrend. The descending triangle is formed as equal lows create a horizontal support line while decreasing highs create a downward sloping resistance line, creating the same type of right-angle triangle seen in the ascending triangle above.

To calculate the price target in a descending triangle formation, you subtract the height of the base of the triangle to the point where support breaks down. A symmetrical triangle , as you might have guessed, forms somewhere in between an ascending and descending triangle pattern. This point forms the tip of the triangle.

The support and resistance lines, meanwhile, form the two sides of the triangle, eventually meeting at the point. Since the breakout direction is difficult to determine, some traders will play both sides in a symmetrical triangle pattern, placing a long and short order, then closing one when the other hits. To calculate the price target in a symmetrical triangle, add or subtract the base of the triangle to the breakout point.

Certain patterns present a more powerful profit-earning opportunity than others. Historically, the following five patterns have given traders the best opportunities:. Picture the broader chart patterns we discussed above as like the climate as it changes from spring to summer to fall and winter.

We see the broader changes in the temperature, daylight, and weather throughout the year. Technical signals, meanwhile, are the short-term information you read to predict which season is coming next. You might notice the temperature drop from 40 to 30 in a week, for example. This signals that winter is coming. You need context to understand what that technical indicator means. You can derive context by looking at information like a prevailing trend, chart pattern, and more.

Overlays: Overlays are indicators that use the same scale as the price and are plotted on top of the price chart. Oscillators: Oscillators are displayed independently on a different scale below the price chart and will oscillate between a minimum and maximum value.

Certain technical indicators are considered leading indicators. A leading indicator has strong predictive qualities and can indicate the direction of the market before the price follows through. Other technical indicators, meanwhile, are considered lagging indicators.

Lagging indicators follow market trends. They indicate a shift in market trends, but they tend to lag behind that shift. Typically, a lagging indicator is used to confirm a trend after a trend has already begun to emerge. However, lagging indicators have less valuable in a volatile market with no clear trend.

The two best-known lagging indicators are Bollinger bands and moving averages. Moving averages are trend overlays that can indicate short, medium, and long-term trends. To calculate the moving average, we take the average price over a certain period of time.

It can make trends easier to spot. There are two common ways to calculate moving averages, including simple moving averages and exponential moving averages. Both are considered lagging technical indicators. A simple moving average SMA is just the sum of all closing prices over a particular time period divided by the number of periods. A 5-day SMA, for example, can be calculated by adding the closing prices for each day and dividing the sum by five.

Longer scales smooth our price movements and tend to be less responsive than shorter time scales. Check out the chart below to see how this works in practice. The day moving average lags behind the price movements, while the day moving average tightly hugs the price movements:. Exponential moving average EMA , meanwhile, places greater weight on the most recent data points. Exponential moving averages use a weighting multiplier to give the most recent data points greater weight.

Charting tools apply these formulas automatically. However, it helps to know where these formulas are coming from. Simple moving averages and exponential moving averages are two ways to outline the same trend.

One is not necessarily better than the other. They each have their own advantages. An exponential moving average , for example, responds faster to recent price movements and hugs the price curve more closely. A simple moving average , meanwhile, is ideal for identifying long-term support and resistance levels. The slope of the simple moving average is also used to gauge momentum towards a specific trend. Typically, the day simple moving average SMA chart and the day SMA chart are the two most popular scales for identifying medium to long-term trends.

These two charts are also useful for identifying support and resistance levels, bullish and bearish crossovers, and divergences. When the simple and exponential moving averages come together, it creates a crossover. This is considered a pivotal event that could signal a trend change. There are bullish crossovers, for example, which are also known as golden crosses. A bullish crossover occurs when the shorter scale moving average crosses above the longer scale moving average.

There are also bearish crossovers, also known as death crosses. A bearish crossover occurs when the shorter scale moving average crosses below the longer scale moving average. If the current price crosses below the long-term moving average, it indicates a bearish breakout. Moving average convergence-divergence, or MACD, is a trend-following oscillator popular for gauging momentum. MACD takes two exponential moving averages like the day and day EMA , then plots them against the zero lines to measure the momentum of a trend.

It indicates that the market is bullish. The higher the value, the stronger the upward momentum. A negative MACD , meanwhile, indicates that the market is bearish, with lower values indicating strong downward momentum. Pivotal events include convergence, crossover, and divergence from the zero line and the signal line. Relative strength index, or RSI, is a way to indicate momentum. Momentum can identify the strength of market trends, giving you a good idea of when to buy or sell based on whether markets are overbought or oversold.

RSI oscillates between 0 and , with the typical timeframe being 14 days. When RSI is below 30, it indicates the market is oversold. When the RSI is above 70, it indicates the market is overbought. However, some traders use 20 and 80 as the boundaries instead, which can be more telling for highly volatile markets including crypto. Because RSI is a leading indicator, the slope of the RSI can indicate a trend change before that trend is observed in the general market. For that reason, RSI is one of the most common ways of analyzing market conditions.

These values are absolute, which means that losses are calculated as positive values. You can see a bullish divergence when the price hits a lower low and RSI hits a higher low. A bearish divergence, meanwhile, occurs when the price hits a higher high and RSI hits a lower high.

We can also use RSI to observe RSI failure swings, which are seen as indications of potential trend reversals in a bearish or bullish direction. A bullish failure swing occurs when RSI falls below 30, bounces past 30, falls back, but does not fall below 30 and makes a new high.

A bearish failure swing, meanwhile, occurs when the RSI breaks above 70, falls back, bounces without breaking 70, and falls back to a new low. SAR will stick close to price movements over time, falling below the price curve during uptrends and above the price curve during downtrends.

Because of this nature, traders use the parabolic SAR indicator to set trailing stops and protect against losses. There are separate formulas for calculating rising and falling SAR. The formula takes data from one period behind. In these formulas, EP is the extreme point either the highest high or the lowest low of the current trend and AF is the acceleration factor. The acceleration factor is initially set to a value of 0. When you set AF too high, it can create too many whipsaws, creating false reversal signals.

Average directional index ADX has risen in popularity in recent years to become a preferred indicator for estimating the strength of a trend. As a lagging oscillator, ADX offers little insight into the future trend direction, although it does indicate the magnitude of market forces behind a trend.

ADX oscillates between 0 and , with ADX typically below 20 in a ranging market and above 25 in a trending market. An ADX above 40 indicates a strong trend. We calculate DMI by collating the highs and lows of consecutive periods. These formulas may seem complex. There are plenty of tools that implement these formulas for you. If you want to be an informed technical trader, however, then it helps to understand where these formulas come from.

ATR offers no indication of trend direction. This is a strong bullish signal. Fibonacci retracement , as you may expect, is connected to the famous Fibonacci sequence or Fibonacci number.

The sequence starts with the numbers 0 and 1, with each successive number in the sequence behind the sum of the two preceding numbers. It seeks to quantify how much of a pullback we can expect after a surge or drop in prices. In the Fibonacci sequence, the ratio of any number to its successor is 0. This is the golden ratio , a number that plays a significant role in biology and mathematics.

Fibonacci retracement uses this same ratio to identify support and resistance levels. Retracement levels are drawn on a price chart after marking the high and low point of a trend. Why are these numbers important? Well, a A bounce from this level is less common if the correction has momentum. The Some analysts also use a derivative of Fibonacci retracement called the Fibonacci extension to identify how far a rally might go. Under the Fibonacci extension, zones can be found at Elliott studied American markets for a decade during his retirement, then theorized that prices inevitably пїЅ and constantly пїЅ move in a fractal wave pattern.

This fractal wave pattern is linked to natural laws, and you can outline the fractal wave using the Fibonacci sequence. Elliott theorized that market prices moved in two types of waves, including impulse waves and corrective waves. Impulse Waves: Impulse waves, also known as motive waves, move in the direction of the prevailing trend and consist of five smaller waves, including three trend-advancing or actionary sub-waves split by two corrective sub-waves.

Corrective Waves: Corrective waves that can be part of a larger impulse wave move against the direction of the prevailing trend and consist of three smaller waves, including two corrective sub-waves split by one actionary sub-wave.

This structure makes up each Elliott wave cycle. We saw this pattern in real bitcoin markets during This chart also shows prices holding at the Fibonacci retracement levels and Elliott wave patterns are just two types of technical indicators that form a partial picture of crypto markets. If all of the signals are pointing towards a similar result, then you have a more informed view of the market. Bollinger bands trace their origin to American financial analyst John Bollinger, who developed the theory in the s.

Bollinger band analysis uses a moving average-based overlay to measure price volatility. The theory involves three bands, including a middle band to represent the simple moving average and an upper and lower band to represent standard deviations.

For the middle band, analysts typically use the day simple moving average SMA. The upper band, meanwhile, is the same SMA with two standards of deviation added, while the lower band subtracts two standards of deviation. Analysts can adjust the number of periods based on their trading preferences. However, analysts will use the same number of periods to calculate SMA that they use to calculate standard deviation.

When the price suddenly moves outside of the upper or lower band, it indicates a breakout could be upcoming. During a strong uptrend in markets, prices tend to hug or move out of the upper band, for example, while during a strong downtrend, price activity is focused around the lower band.

During market swings, the middle bands acts as a resistance for downtrend movements and a support level for uptrend movements. There are multiple variations of these patterns. M Tops: M top or double top patterns occur in an uptrend and are indicative of a bearish reversal.

In this formation, the price hits a point high above the upper band, then retreats below the middle band. The band moves up again but stops short of the upper band.

When the second surge fails to reach the upper band, it signals a weakening trend and likely reversal. W Bottoms: The W bottom or double bottom formation is what happens when the M top formation gets flipped upside down. It signals a bullish reversal. It starts with the price plummeting below the lower band, then rallying past the middle band before dropping again. During the second drop, the price does not touch the lower band, then rallies past the earlier swing high to break out into a bullish reversal, ultimately forming a W.

On balance volume OBV is a volume-based oscillator and leading indicator. The signal quantifies volume, using cumulative trading volume to measure the strength of trends in upward or downward directions. The idea behind on balance volume is that significant changes in volume often precede price movements, and that volume tends to be higher on days when the price moves in the direction of the prevailing trend. OBV adds volume during periods when the close is higher than the previous close, then subtracts volume during periods when the close is lower.

OBV technical analysis focuses less about the actual value of the volume. Instead, it looks at the rate of change or the rise and fall.

This rise and fall, according to OBV theory, is what indicates the strength of buy and sell pressure. As OBV rises, it pushes buy pressure higher, leading to higher prices. When OBV is falling, it indicates a price decline is imminent. Analysts use the OBV oscillator to identify support and resistance levels, then look for breakouts that precede price breakouts.

We see this effect in action in the next graph. We see the price make a higher swing high while OBV makes a lower swing high, indicating a weakening uptrend. In a similar fashion, when the price hits a lower low and OBV makes a higher low, the downtrend is losing steam, and a bullish breakout could be upcoming.

This is where analyzing your other trading signals can come in handy. You might notice OBV diverging from the prevailing trend, for example, then use your other signals to better inform your next decision. Stochastic oscillator is a leading oscillator that measures momentum, then uses that momentum to predict where markets will move next. The method was developed in the s based on two key concepts:. With that in mind, stochastic oscillator analysis measures the relationship between closing prices over a given period as well as the trading range high price and low price of that period.

Based on this relationship, the stochastic oscillator measures potential trend reversal, including overbought and oversold conditions. The indicator oscillators between 0 and These numbers indicate the bottom and top of the trading range over a specific time scale. That time scale is typically set to 14 periods. Values higher than 80 indicate an overbought market, while values lower than 20 indicate an oversold market. However, these numbers do not always indicate a reversal.

During strong trends, the price can hover at these extreme ends of the range for a lengthy period of time. Stochastic oscillator analysis can, however, indicate a reversal or surge in momentum in certain instances. Stochastic oscillator theory is also based on the idea that closing prices tend to hover in the upper half of the trading range during an uptrend while hovering near the lower half during a downtrend.

Analysts will look for crossovers at the midpoint to indicate a shifting trend. Bullish divergences occur when the price hits a lower low while the oscillator hits a higher low. Bearish divergences, meanwhile, occur when the price hits a higher high while the oscillator swings to a lower high.

These reversals can also be confirmed when the price breaks past the most recent swing high in a bullish divergence or the most recent swing low in a bearish divergence.

Both of these things can confirm the reversal. During a bull setup , the oscillator hits a higher high as the price hits a lower high. When the price swings to a lower high, market momentum continues to surge, and the price will likely rise even further. During a bear setup , the oscillator hits a lower low as the price hits a higher low. In this situation, progressive downward momentum indicates that a continued upward surge is unlikely even though the price is diverging upwards.

When checking stochastic oscillator analysis, you might also find something called StochRSI. This is a derivative of stochastic oscillator theory that applies the oscillator to the relative strength index RSI instead of the price.

In that sense, StochRSI is a momentum oscillator of a momentum oscillator. You calculate StochRSI using the same formula as you would for stochastic oscillator analysis, except that you replace the price values with RSI values. Technical analysis works particularly well for developing medium and long-term insights. However, it can be more difficult when dealing with fewer trading periods and shorter time scales.

Candlestick patterns are used in conjunction with chart patterns and technical indicators to provide further confirmation for expected breakouts. We explained the basics of candlestick charts up above. We told you how a candlestick pattern works, including what the body and wick of the candlestick means. Candlestick pattern analysis is particularly useful because candlestick charts contain more information for a single trading period than any other type of chart.

At a glance, you can see how markets performed that day based on the body of the candlestick, the size of the wick, and the relationship between the upper and lower wick and the body. Each candlestick tells you whether buyers or sellers were in control during that particular trading period and how other market forces competed against each other. Learning to read candlestick charts can be one of your best skills to develop as a trader.

Here are some of the features common in candlestick charts. These candlesticks indicate uneventful trading periods.

The candlestick tells us that the price moved very little from open to close during this period. It also shows us that the trading range пїЅ the spread between the highest and lowest prices during the day пїЅ was small. Regardless of the color of the body of the candlestick, this candlestick shows that bulls and bears are holding steady for this period.

An intense trading session where the price moved significantly from open to close might look like the candlesticks above. The green candlestick shows that buyers dominated the session, telling us it was a bullish market. The red candlestick shows that sellers dominated, giving the market bearish momentum. You may hear analysts talk about spinning top candlesticks. On these candlesticks, the wicks are relatively long.

This is a neutral pattern regardless of the color of the body. With this pattern, the body of the candlestick is similar to a short day, although the shadows indicate a more significant trading range.

Buyers and sellers both pushed the market at various points, although the session ultimately closed near to where it opened. The color of the body of this candlestick is not very important for this pattern. When the body is near the bottom with a long upper shadow, it indicates that buyers made an effort to push the market up, but strong selling momentum forced the price to settle back down low, signaling a bearish market.

Sellers tried to take control, although strong buying momentum eventually pushed it near the top. A marubozu candlestick only has a body and there are no noticeable shadows wicks on either side. This candlestick occurs when the open and close of a session are close to the high and low. A red marubozu candlestick tells us that the session opened at its highest point and closed at its lowest point, indicating strong selling pressure throughout the period.

The longer the body, the greater the momentum in either direction. A hammer candlestick pattern forms after a session of declining prices. The session closed near the top with no upper shadow and a lower shadow twice as long as the body. The hammer pattern indicates that buyers are starting to push back. The only requirement here is that the candlestick needs to close higher in green to validate the pattern.

The hanging man candlestick pattern is identical to the hammer pattern at first glance. Just like the hammer, the hanging man can be either green or read. During an uptrend, the hanging man is seen as a warning: there was downward activity but buyers pushed the price up towards the end of the session. If the next candlestick closes lower, than the hanging man candlestick can signal a bearish reversal.

An upside down or inverted hammer after a downtrend is considered a bullish reversal pattern but only if the next candlestick closes higher. This candlestick tells us the session ultimately closed near its opening price, although the upper shadow is an early indication that buyers are challenging sellers for the market.

A shooting star is identical in appearance to an inverted hammer, but it forms in an uptrend instead of a downtrend, making it a bearish signal. Although the shooting star candlestick indicates further continuation of the uptrend as shown by the long upper shadow or wick , the session ultimately closed near the bottom of its range, which indicates weakening upward momentum. This is where we start getting into the weird and unique candlestick signals.

A doji is a neutral cruciform pattern that indicates a state of near-equilibrium in the market. The session traded high and low, but ultimately closed exactly where it opened. With the doji candlestick, the upper and lower shadows may or may not be equal. Sometimes, the doji indicates relenting momentum or a potential reversal пїЅ say, when it forms next to certain other patterns. The dragonfly doji candlestick pattern has a long lower shadow and no upper shadow, and the open and close are equal to the high for the session.

A gravestone doji has along upper shadow and no lower shadow, and the open and close are equal to the low for the session. The gravestone doji candlestick in an uptrend signals a bearish reversal. On both the dragonfly and gravestone doji candlesticks, the length of the shadow is a good signal of the momentum behind a reversal. Up above, we analyzed candlesticks based on a single candlestick for a single session. In most cases, however, candlestick analysis involves reading multiple candlesticks to discern a pattern.

They can occur in two subsequent trading sessions. Or, they can occur in close proximity to one another. A bearish engulfing pattern is a two-period pattern that signals a bearish reversal when seen during an uptrend. The pattern starts with a short green body followed by a longer candlestick with a red body.

A bullish engulfing signals a bullish reversal pattern in an uptrend. They not only indicate a shift in the movement of markets, but they also indicate a significant change in momentum. It makes sense when you look at the two-period candlestick. A bullish harami forms in a downtrend when a long red candlestick is followed by a small green candlestick.

A bearish harami consists of a large green candlestick fully covering the entirety of the red candlestick. Harami patterns typically suggest relenting momentum after a strong trend.

A harami cross is a two-period pattern similar to a harami, except that the second candlestick is a doji the cross image we discussed above , with the doji fully engulfed by the body of the first candlestick. The harami cross indicates weakening momentum or indecision in the market instead of a complete reversal. For this pattern to indicate a reversal, the third candlestick following the doji must be in concurrence. If it closes above in green, then it could mean the harami cross was simply a brief consolidation before the uptrend continues.

A two-period tweezer top candlestick pattern forms when at least two candlesticks have even tops, regardless of their bottoms. When formed during an uptrend, the tweezer top is considered a potential reversal pattern. The candlestick tells us that the upper limit price has been repeatedly rejected at the same level, which suggests strong resistance at that level.

As more candlesticks form even tops around these sessions, it provides greater evidence for resistance at that level.

The reversal is confirmed by a bearish close in red below the midpoint of the first candlestick in the pattern. A tweezer bottom is the inverse of the tweezer top: the bottoms of the candlesticks are even, but the tops are not. A tweezer bottom is a potential reversal pattern in a downtrend. When multiple candlesticks have even bottoms, it suggests that the market has repeatedly rejected the same low, which indicates strong support at that level.

Bullish reversal is complete when the pattern is followed by a higher close. The shadows are not considered. Dark cloud cover is a two-period bearish reversal pattern in an uptrend. Piercing line is a two-period bullish reversal pattern in a downtrend. Dark cloud cover and piercing line patterns are similar to bearish and bullish engulfing patterns, although the momentum behind the reversal is less significant.

The morning star is the first three-period pattern on our list. A morning star pattern forms when we have a long red body followed by an uneventful red or green body and then a third candlestick that closes above the midpoint of the first candlestick.

The evening star is the inverse of the morning star pattern. The evening star forms with a long green body followed by a short green or red body and a third candlestick in red that closes below the midpoint of the first candlestick. An evening star candlestick indicates a bearish reversal. The doji signals there was indecision among traders before the market eventually decided on a bullish reversal. For the morning doji star to form, the third candlestick must close above the midpoint of the first.

The evening doji star candlestick pattern indicates a bearish reversal. The bearish reversal is complete when the third candlestick closes below the midpoint of the first, along with the doji in the middle. Three white soldiers is a three-period bullish reversal pattern indicated by three long green candlesticks after a period of declining prices.

Each candlestick in the pattern must also be bigger than or at least the same size as the first candlestick.

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